The United States reacted to the occupation of Indochina by freezing Japanese assets and embargoing oil. This opened the way for further moves into Southeast Asia. In 1940 Japan occupied northern Indochina in an attempt to block access to supplies for the Chinese Nationalists, and in July 1941 it announced a joint protectorate with Vichy France over the whole colony. After the Nazi attack on Russia in 1941, the Japanese were torn between German urgings to join the war against the Soviets and their natural inclination to seek richer prizes from the European colonial territories to the south. The European war presented the Japanese with tempting opportunities.
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